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公開中の課題 58

英検準1級要約テクノロジー

信号機は通常、一日の中で車の数が大きく変化しても、あらかじめ決められた時間設定に従って作動します。

Traffic lights usually follow fixed schedules, even when the number of vehicles changes greatly during the day. This can make drivers wait at empty intersections while long lines form elsewhere. To address this problem, more cities are introducing AI traffic lights. These systems use cameras and road sensors to study current traffic and change signal timing automatically.

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英検準1級要約環境

多くの飲料や調理済み食品は、一度使用した後に捨てられる容器に入れて販売されています。

Many drinks and prepared foods are sold in containers that are thrown away after one use. To reduce this waste, some governments are considering deposit systems for reusable containers. Under such a system, customers pay a small extra amount when buying a product and receive the money back when they return the container. The collected containers are then washed and used again.

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英検準1級要約環境

人口増加や気象パターンの変化により、一部の都市では淡水の管理が難しくなっています。

Fresh water is becoming harder to manage in some cities because of population growth and changing weather patterns. At the same time, heavy rain can quickly overwhelm drainage systems. In response, rainwater utilization systems are spreading. These systems store water from roofs and other surfaces for later use, such as cleaning or watering plants.

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英検準1級要約環境

森林は広大な範囲にわたっており、人が定期的に点検することが難しい場合が多くあります。

Forests cover large areas that are often difficult for people to inspect regularly. Damage caused by fires, disease, illegal logging, or changing weather may therefore remain unnoticed for some time. A new approach uses artificial intelligence (AI) to examine information from satellites, drones, cameras, and ground sensors. This method of monitoring forest conditions is attracting growing attention.

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英検準1級要約お金・消費

電子機器や家庭用品は、修理が難しかったり費用が高かったりすることがよくあります。

Electronic devices and household products are often difficult or expensive to repair. Manufacturers may limit access to spare parts, repair instructions, or special tools, causing consumers to replace products that could still be used. In response, there is growing support for laws requiring companies to make repairs easier. Such measures are commonly described as right-to-repair laws.

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英検準1級要約環境

毎年、大量のプラスチックやその他のごみが海に流れ込んでいます。

Large amounts of plastic and other waste enter the ocean every year. Some of this rubbish floats near the surface and can remain there for long periods. To deal with the problem, some organizations are using special devices that collect floating marine waste. These systems may use barriers, nets, or machines to gather rubbish and remove it from the water.

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英検準1級要約環境

世界の多くの地域では、火災、伐採、環境の変化によって森林が失われたり、被害を受けたりしています。

Forests are being lost or damaged in many parts of the world because of fires, logging, and environmental change. Planting trees by hand can require large numbers of workers and considerable time, particularly after widespread destruction. As a result, the use of drones for planting trees is spreading. These aircraft can carry seeds and release them over selected areas.

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英検準1級要約社会・文化

ソーシャルメディアが娯楽、広告、コミュニケーションの重要な場となるにつれて、コンテンツ制作者やインフルエンサーとして働くことに関心を持つ若者が増えています。

As social media has become an important platform for entertainment, advertising, and communication, more young people are interested in working as content creators or influencers. In response, some universities are beginning to offer bachelor's degree programs in content production. These programs teach students how to create videos, images, and other digital materials for online audiences while also introducing them to the business side of social media.

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英検準1級要約環境

古い建物が解体される際には、大量の木材、金属、レンガ、ガラス、その他の資材が捨てられることがよくあります。

When old buildings are demolished, large amounts of wood, metal, bricks, glass, and other materials are often thrown away. Recently, more construction companies and local organizations have begun recovering these materials for use in new buildings. This approach requires workers to remove useful items carefully instead of destroying everything during demolition, and the materials are then prepared for another project.

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英検準1級要約環境

従来の畜産が環境に与える影響への懸念が高まる中、食品メーカーは新たなたんぱく質源を探しています。

Food manufacturers are looking for new sources of protein as concerns grow about the environmental impact of traditional livestock farming. One option is protein made from insects such as crickets or mealworms. These insects can be processed into powders or ingredients and added to products such as snacks, bread, or protein bars. This approach is attracting attention as a possible alternative to meat-based protein.

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英検準1級要約環境

政府や企業が気候変動を遅らせるための新たな方法を探す中、直接空気回収(DAC)と呼ばれる技術が多くの国で注目を集めています。

As governments and companies search for additional ways to slow climate change, direct air capture, commonly called DAC, is receiving growing interest in many countries. This technology removes carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere. Large facilities use chemicals, fans, and filters to separate CO2 from surrounding air before it is transported for long-term storage or other uses.

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英検準1級要約テクノロジー

大雨によって川の水位が上昇すると、洪水は急速に発生することがあります。

Flooding can develop quickly when heavy rain causes rivers to rise. Traditional forecasts rely on weather information, water measurements, and maps, but it can be difficult to understand how these factors will affect every part of a river. In response, digital models that reproduce rivers in virtual space are beginning to be used by local authorities and researchers responsible for disaster planning.

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英検準1級要約環境

電力需要は一日を通して一定ではありません。

Electricity demand is not equal throughout the day. Large numbers of people may use air conditioners, heaters, or household appliances at the same time, placing heavy pressure on power stations and local electricity networks during peak hours. To manage this demand, time-based electricity pricing systems that charge different rates according to the time of use are now spreading in many regions worldwide.

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英検準1級要約テクノロジー

電気自動車には大容量のバッテリーが搭載されており、通常は電力網から充電されます。

Electric vehicles contain large batteries that are usually charged from the electricity network. Vehicle-to-grid technology, known as V2G, allows some of this stored electricity to flow back into the network when it is urgently needed. Interest in the system is rapidly growing as more electric vehicles and renewable energy sources are connected to modern power grids in cities.

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英検準1級要約社会・文化

過去の戦争を直接経験した人々が減り続ける中、博物館は戦争の記憶を保存する新しい方法を模索しています。

Museums are exploring new ways to preserve memories of war as the number of people who directly experienced past conflicts continues to decline. One approach is to use artificial intelligence (AI) together with digital archives, holograms, and interactive systems. Testimonies, photographs, and recorded interviews can be stored as data, allowing visitors to ask questions and receive responses based on the experiences of people who lived through historical events.

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英検準1級要約環境

地下の配管を絶えず流れる下水は、寒い冬の時期でも通常、周囲の外気より温かい状態にあります。

Wastewater flowing continuously through underground pipes usually remains warmer than the surrounding outdoor air during cold winter months. New systems called wastewater heat recovery systems are beginning to capture this heat and use it in homes, offices, schools, or public buildings. Heat exchangers and pumps transfer energy from sewage without allowing wastewater to enter the building's heating system.

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英検準1級要約お金・消費

多くの人々は日常生活で、現金、銀行振込、民間のデジタル決済サービスを利用しています。

Many people use cash, bank transfers, or private digital payment services in daily life. Recently, some countries have been considering central bank digital currencies, or CBDCs. These are digital forms of national currencies issued directly by central banks. People could use them through smartphones or other electronic devices to make payments or transfer money.

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英検準1級要約環境

森には、枯れ葉、落ちた枝、密集した植物などが蓄積し、大規模な山火事を激しくする危険な燃料となることがあります。

Dry leaves, fallen branches, and dense vegetation can accumulate in forests and provide dangerous fuel for severe wildfires. To reduce this material, trained teams carefully burn selected forest areas under planned conditions. This practice, often called prescribed burning, is carried out by specialists when weather, wind, moisture, and soil conditions are considered suitable.

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英検準1級要約環境

多くの工場は、鉄鋼、セメント、化学製品などを生産する際に大量の二酸化炭素を排出します。

Many factories release large amounts of carbon dioxide when they produce steel, cement, chemicals, or other goods. Carbon capture and storage, commonly called CCS, is attracting attention as a way to reduce these emissions. The technology separates CO2 from industrial gases, transports it through pipelines or ships, and stores it deep underground instead of releasing it into the atmosphere.

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英検準1級要約教育・学校

多くの大学生は、自分の学問的な関心や将来のキャリア目標を十分に理解する前に専攻を選びます。

Many university students choose a major before they fully understand their academic interests or future career goals. After beginning their studies, some discover that another field suits them better. To address this, some universities are making it easier for students to change majors after enrollment. Under these systems, students can move to a different academic department and transfer some of the credits they have already earned.

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英検準1級要約環境

天然の岩礁は、魚やそのほかの海洋生物に餌をとったり、身を隠したり、繁殖したりする場所を与えますが、汚染、嵐、沿岸開発によって多くが損なわれています。

Natural reefs give fish and other marine species places to feed, hide, and reproduce, but pollution, storms, and coastal development have damaged many of them. Some groups are responding by creating artificial reefs from recycled concrete, metal, and other suitable materials. Before being placed on the seabed, the objects are shaped, cleaned, and inspected for use in the ocean.

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英検準1級要約健康・生活

感染症は、個別検査や病院からの報告によってすべての患者が確認される前から、地域社会の中で広がることがあります。

Infectious diseases can spread through communities before all cases are identified through individual testing or hospital reports. To monitor these changes more broadly, health authorities are becoming interested in a method called wastewater-based epidemiology, or WBE. This approach examines sewage for viruses and other materials connected with disease. Since infected people may leave these signs in wastewater, samples from treatment plants can reveal changes in disease activity across a community.

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英検準1級要約環境

建物は冬に熱を失い、夏には暑くなりすぎることがあり、その結果、暖房や冷房をより多く使う必要が生じます。

Buildings often lose heat in winter and become too warm in summer, increasing the need for heating and air-conditioning. To address this problem, some architects are using phase-change materials, commonly called PCMs. These building materials absorb and store heat when temperatures rise and release it when temperatures fall. They may be installed inside walls, floors, or ceilings during construction or renovation.

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英検準1級要約環境

漁網、釣り糸、わななどは、嵐の際に失われたり、使用中に壊れたりすることがあります。

Fishing nets, lines, and traps are sometimes lost during storms or damaged while being used. Ordinary plastic equipment can remain in the sea for many years after it is abandoned. To reduce this problem, manufacturers are developing fishing gear made from materials that gradually break down in natural conditions but remain strong enough for normal use by fishing crews at sea.

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