電気自動車には大容量のバッテリーが搭載されており、通常は電力網から充電されます。

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Electric vehicles contain large batteries that are usually charged from the electricity network. Vehicle-to-grid technology, known as V2G, allows some of this stored electricity to flow back into the network when it is urgently needed. Interest in the system is rapidly growing as more electric vehicles and renewable energy sources are connected to modern power grids in cities.

Advocates highlight several advantages. Electricity produced by solar or wind power can be stored in parked vehicles when supply is high and returned later when production falls or demand rises. This can make fluctuating renewable energy supplies easier to use without wasting electricity produced during favorable weather. Also, V2G may provide electricity during blackouts. Connected vehicles could support essential lights, communication equipment, or household devices for a limited period when ordinary power is unavailable.

Despite these advantages, critics say it is problematic. V2G requires vehicles to charge and discharge more frequently than they would through ordinary driving alone. Repeated cycles can gradually reduce the amount of electricity a battery can hold. The effect may be greater when vehicles are connected to the grid often or remain available for long periods of electricity sharing. As a result, drivers may not have enough battery power to use their vehicles when needed.