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英検準1級要約環境
Many factories release large amounts of carbon dioxide when they produce steel, cement, chemicals, or other goods. Carbon capture and storage, commonly called CCS, is attracting attention as a way to reduce these emissions. The technology separates CO2 from industrial gases, transports it through pipelines or ships, and stores it deep underground instead of releasing it into the atmosphere.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Natural reefs give fish and other marine species places to feed, hide, and reproduce, but pollution, storms, and coastal development have damaged many of them. Some groups are responding by creating artificial reefs from recycled concrete, metal, and other suitable materials. Before being placed on the seabed, the objects are shaped, cleaned, and inspected for use in the ocean.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Buildings often lose heat in winter and become too warm in summer, increasing the need for heating and air-conditioning. To address this problem, some architects are using phase-change materials, commonly called PCMs. These building materials absorb and store heat when temperatures rise and release it when temperatures fall. They may be installed inside walls, floors, or ceilings during construction or renovation.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Fishing nets, lines, and traps are sometimes lost during storms or damaged while being used. Ordinary plastic equipment can remain in the sea for many years after it is abandoned. To reduce this problem, manufacturers are developing fishing gear made from materials that gradually break down in natural conditions but remain strong enough for normal use by fishing crews at sea.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Groundwater supplies drinking water, supports agriculture, and is used by factories in many regions. When it is pumped out faster than nature replaces it, underground water levels can fall. Artificial groundwater recharge aims to return rainwater or treated surface water below the ground through ponds, wells, or special channels during periods when water is available, storing it for later use.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Producing food creates greenhouse gases at many stages, including farming, processing, packaging, and transportation. However, shoppers cannot usually tell how much greenhouse gas was emitted before an item reached a store. Carbon labels are being developed to provide this information. The labels show an estimate of a product's emissions, often by using a number, letter, or color on its package.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Many large buildings near the coast use electricity-powered air conditioners to stay cool. Recently, some have begun using seawater air-conditioning, or SWAC. In this system, cold water is taken from deep parts of the ocean and sent through pipes to a building. The seawater cools another supply of water, which circulates through the building and lowers the temperature of rooms without entering the rooms themselves.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Solar panels are usually placed on roofs or on land used only for producing electricity. Another method, called agrivoltaics, involves installing panels above farmland while crops continue to grow below them. The panels are raised high enough for sunlight, rain, workers, and farming equipment to reach the fields. This approach is now being tested in a growing number of agricultural regions where suitable land for energy projects is limited.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Large amounts of used clothing are collected by shops, charities, and local governments. Some items can be worn again, but damaged clothing is often burned or buried. Fiber-to-fiber recycling offers another option. In this process, old clothes are separated, cleaned, and broken down into fibers. The fibers are then used to make yarn and produce new fabric for clothing and other useful textile products.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Many fruit and vegetable crops depend on pollination before they can produce food. Traditionally, this work is done by insects or by people who move pollen from one flower to another by hand. Recently, some farms have begun testing artificial pollination robots. These machines use cameras and sensors to locate flowers and then apply pollen with small brushes or other devices as they move through fields or greenhouses.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Farmers in some regions face the risk of frost during cold nights. When temperatures fall too low, young leaves and flowers can be damaged, which may reduce the value of crops. One method being introduced is the frost-protection fan. These large fans are installed above fields and move warmer air from higher levels toward crops near the ground, helping prevent temperatures around the plants from falling too sharply.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Desalination plants turn seawater into fresh water by removing salt. They are useful in dry coastal regions, but the process requires a large amount of energy. Most plants have traditionally depended on electricity produced from fossil fuels. Some new projects connect desalination equipment to solar or wind power so that fresh water can be produced with renewable energy.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Researchers need accurate information about which species live in rivers, lakes, forests, and other natural environments. Traditionally, they have often relied on direct observation or captured animals for identification. Recently, environmental DNA, or eDNA, surveys have become more common. These surveys examine genetic material left behind by living things in water or soil, allowing researchers to look for signs of species without seeing the animals themselves.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Airports and airlines are looking for ways to reduce the environmental impact of aviation. One option is sustainable aviation fuel, or SAF, which can be made from used cooking oil, plant waste, or other non-fossil materials. It is processed so that it can be mixed with ordinary jet fuel and supplied to aircraft through many of the systems already used at airports.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Rainwater usually flows across roads, parking areas, and sidewalks made from solid concrete or asphalt. In cities, this water can quickly enter drains and contribute to flooding. Permeable pavement is designed differently. It contains small spaces that allow water to pass through the surface and enter layers of stone or soil below. Some cities are introducing it in parking lots, paths, and quiet streets.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Algae can be grown in transparent panels filled with water and nutrients. Recently, some building projects have begun placing such panels on exterior walls. Sunlight reaches the algae through the panels, allowing them to grow through photosynthesis. The algae can later be collected and used for products such as fuel or other materials. This approach turns parts of a building that would normally have no productive use into places where algae can be cultivated.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Large numbers of used tires are discarded every year, creating a waste problem in many countries. One way to use this material is to process old tires into small pieces of rubber and mix them with asphalt for road construction. This type of pavement is already being used in some areas as an alternative to ordinary asphalt.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
Farmers use several methods to protect crops from insects that damage leaves, fruit, or roots. Chemical pesticides are common, but another approach is to use insects that naturally attack crop pests. Farmers may release ladybugs, predatory mites, or small wasps into fields or greenhouses. These helpful insects feed on harmful species or interrupt their life cycle, reducing the number of pests around crops.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検準1級要約環境
As extreme weather events such as heavy rain, floods, and storms become more frequent, governments and meteorological organizations are turning to AI technology to improve the accuracy and speed of weather predictions. Under such circumstances, AI-based weather forecasting systems have been increasingly used around the world. These systems use artificial intelligence to analyze vast amounts of data collected from satellites, sensors, and past weather records.
60〜70語 · プリントあり
英検2級要約環境
Popular tourist sites can receive more visitors than they can safely handle. Large crowds may put pressure on the local environment. For this reason, some places limit the number of tourists who may enter each day.
45〜55語 · プリントあり
英検2級要約環境
When people buy a car, they can choose from several different types. One choice is an electric car, which uses electricity instead of gasoline. Nowadays, more people are choosing electric cars.
45〜55語 · プリントあり
英検2級要約環境
Wild animals sometimes enter towns in search of food or space. Some animals can damage property or threaten residents when they approach homes. Certain communities remove dangerous animals found in residential areas.
45〜55語 · プリントあり
英検2級要約環境
Many businesses are trying to reduce the environmental effects of their products. Single-use plastic items have received particular attention in recent years. Some restaurants and cafes now provide paper straws instead of plastic ones.
45〜55語 · プリントあり
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